C8 M3 L2 Grammar
8 | Modul 3: Gramatika
Ljubav prolazi kroz želudac
8 | 3 | Lekcija 2: Večera
| The Genitive Case and the Preposition IZ
The preposition iz (meaning “from”) the Genitive case is used when we want to express that:
Someone is coming from somewhere. | |
Ja sam iz Hrvatske | I am from Croatia. |
Ja putujem iz Hrvatske u Italiju. | I travel from Croatia to Italy. |
Something is used/taken from something. | |
Ja jedem iz tanjura. | I eat from a plate. |
Ja pijem iz čaše. | I drink from a glass. |
G | 8.3 Zadatak 2. Iz čega jedemo / pijemo? |
Read the sentences and choose the logical/correct answer.
iz čaše | iz tanjura | iz boce | iz šalice | |
Pijemo jogurt | ||||
Pijemo kavu |
|
|
|
|
Pijemo vodu |
|
|
|
|
Jedemo juhu |
|
|
|
|
Jedemo rižoto |
|
|
|
|
| Verbs in -ći
Verbs that end in -ći have irregular forms in Croatian and you will need to learn them as we go through the rest of the units. At this point, in this module, you have encountered the verb peći (imperfective) and ispeći (perfective) – both with meaning to bake. You have also encountered the verb pomoći, which changes its form in the present tense differently than the verb peći.
| Present tense
PEĆI | |||||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | ||||
ja | pe-č-em | mi | pe-č-emo | ||
ti | pe-č-eš | vi | pe-č-ete | ||
on/-a/-o | pe-č-e | oni/-e/-a | pe-k-u | ||
As you can see in the conjugation pattern, the infinitive ending -ć will transform (due to historical changes) into -č- (peći: ja pečem). Only the final form of the 3rd person plural (oni) will have the -k- instead of the -ć- (peći: oni peku).
| Past tense
PEĆI - imperfective verb | ||
[masculine] | [feminine] | [neuter] |
Ja sam pek-ao. | Ja sam pek-la. | |
Ti si pek-ao. | Ti si pek-la. | |
On je pek-ao. | Ona je pek-la. | Ono je pek-lo. |
Mi smo pek-li. | Mi smo pek-le. | |
Vi ste pek-li. | Vi ste pek-le. | |
Oni su pek-li. | One su pek-le. | Ona su pek-la. |
As you can see, all forms of peći in the past tense will have -k- instead of -ć- (brat je pekao, sestra je pekla, dijete je peklo).
POMOĆI | |||||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | ||||
ja | pomo-g-n-em | mi | pomo-g-n-emo | ||
ti | pomo-g-n-eš | vi | pomo-g-n-ete | ||
on/-a/-o | pomo-g-n-e | oni/-e/-a | pomo-g-n-u | ||
| The Verb PRATI
There is a group of verbs that change their present tense stem by adding a vowel in between the first two consonants. These verbs have only one-syllable after removing the final -ati part. They should be learned separately. You are actually already familiar with these verbs, because the first verb you learned last semester was the verb zvati se (ja se zovem).
When we remove the final -ati part, all that is left is one syllable that consists of two consonants. Those two consonants have to be separated by a vowel. The vowel is usually -o- [zvati – ja zovem] or -e- [prati – ja perem]. To this new stem, we add the appropriate ending.
PRATI (SE): pr – ati > per – | |||||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | ||||
ja | p-e-r-em | mi | p-e-r-emo | ||
ti | p-e-r-eš | vi | p-e-r-ete | ||
on/-a/-o | p-e-r-e | oni/-e/-a | p-e-r-u | ||
| Perfective and Imperfective verbs – Aspect Pairs
You already know that in Croatian there is an imperfective aspect and a perfective aspect of most verbs. Each of these aspects is associated with specific ways of viewing actions.
Look at the following two examples.
Jesi li pekla kolač? | Implication: Have you ever tried to bake a cake? You are not interested in whether they fully made it or not. |
Jesi li ispekla kolač? | Implication: Have you finished baking a cake? You were expected to do this. |
Imperfective verbs indicate duration of an action over a longer period of time, the action is not completed, or it happens often (repeats, happens regularly).
Words that will trigger using imperfective verbs: ponekad (sometimes), često (often), nikada (never), svaki [dan] (every [day]).
Perfective verbs indicate that an action is complete, it happens only one time and it does not repeat.
How to know whether a verb is perfective or imperfective?
Unfortunately, there is no easy answer. You will need to learn pairs of imperfective and perfective verbs. In the vocabulary section, you can find a list of some verbs that we covered in this module. All the verbs are presented as pairs with imperfective infinitives given first, followed then by perfective infinitives.
G | 8.3 Zadatak 3. Glagoli |
Match imperfective and perfective pairs of the verb:
kuhati / skuhati
peći / ispeći
praviti / napraviti
spremati / spremiti
prati / oprati
nazdravljati / nazdraviti
donositi / donijeti
kupovati / kupiti
G | 8.3 Zadatak 4. Što su rekli? |
Below are some sentences from this unit. Identify which aspect is used in each sentence.
IMPERFECTIVE PERFECTIVE
Trebam samo još pripremiti mediteransku salatu.
Ispekla sam komišku pogaču.
Evo odmaram…čitam novine online.
Također sam napravio rižoto s gljivama.
James priprema večeru za prijatelje.
Za doručak trebamo jesti pahuljice i piti mlijeka.
Ti si sve kupila.
Možeš li oprati povrće?
Želim probati komad komiške pogače.
Marijeva sestra uvijek peče tortu od čokolade.
Za međuobrok treba pojesti malo crne čokolade.
G | 8.3 Zadatak 5. Što radimo? |
Listen to the following sentences and identify which aspect is used in each sentence.
IMPERFECTIVE PERFECTIVE
Danas ću pojesti cijelu čokoladu.
Za večeru kuham juhu od povrća.
Ti si sve pripremila za večeru.
Svako jutro pijem čašu mlijeka.
Jučer sam ispekao tortu.
Odmaram i čitam recept na internetu.
Jesi li pročitala recept?
Ti si popio sok?
Ona često jede puno povrća.
Što pripremaš za ručak?
Skuhala sam juhu od povrća.
Svaki tjedan pečem tortu.
G | 8.3 Zadatak 6. Koji glagol? |
Use the appropriate verb in order to finish the sentence. Sometimes both forms can be used. It all depends on what notion you are trying to convey.
KUHATI / SKUHATI
PEĆI / ISPEĆI
PRAVITI / NAPRAVITI
JESTI / POJESTI
PITI / POPITI
Present tense
Mi često ______________ mediteransku salatu.
Svaku subotu ona ______________ kuglof.
Ja upravo sada ______________ juhu.
Ja jako volim ______________ kavu.
Josipa nikada ne ______________ meso. Ona je veganka.
Ja volim ponekad ______________ dobar komad mesa.
Past tense
Prošli vikend ona ______________ tortu.
Davor ______________ cijelu bocu soka od jabuke.
Ti ______________ salatu.
Kakva je kava? On ______________ kavu?
